WaitingReceipt

Dr Hauschka Natural Cosmetics

2006-10-25T07:30:00.000-07:00

Dr hauschka the Natural Cosmetics brand provide a huge range of Organic Cosmetics and Natural Cosmetics available online.

Nepos, Cornelius

2005-03-19T19:28:00.000-08:00

Nepos came, like Catullus, from northern Italy. His principal writings were De viris illustribus (“On Famous Men”), comprising brief biographies of distinguished Romans and foreigners; Chronica, which introduced to the Roman reader a Greek invention, the universal

Eliot, Sir John

2005-03-17T23:25:00.000-08:00

The son of a wealthy landowner, Eliot was first elected

Caldecott Medal

2005-03-15T08:18:00.000-08:00

Annual prize awarded “to the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children.” It was established in 1938 by Frederic G. Melcher, chairman of the board of the R.R. Bowker Publishing Company, and named for the 19th-century English illustrator Randolph Caldecott. It is presented at the annual conference of the American Library Association along with the

Tapestry, Middle Ages in Egypt and the Near East

2005-03-13T15:27:00.000-08:00

Tapestry weaving was done by the Copts, or Egyptian Christians, from the 3rd to about the 12th century AD. Their tapestries are of great interest not only because of their artistic quality and technical skill but also because they are a bridge between the art of the ancient world and the art of the Middle Ages in western Europe. Fragments from the 5th to the 7th century are particularly

Aerospace Medicine

2005-03-11T02:43:00.000-08:00

The ultimate aim of this specialty is to promote the safety and effectiveness of humans while they are exposed to the stresses of aerospace flight, such as extreme temperatures,

Ilbert Bill

2005-03-08T09:27:00.000-08:00

In the history of India, a controversial measure proposed in 1883 that sought to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects in India. The bill, severely weakened by compromise, was enacted by the Indian Legislative Council on Jan. 25, 1884. The bitter controversy surrounding the measure deepened antagonism between British and Indians

Východní Slovensko

2005-03-06T18:29:00.000-08:00

Czech Východoslovenský kraj (region), eastern Slovakia. It is bordered by Strední Slovensko kraj to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, and Hungary to the south. The Vysoké Tatry (High Tatras) and Nízke Beskydy Mountains extend across the northern part of Východní Slovensko kraj, and the Nízke Tatry (Low Tatras) give way to the Slovenské Rudo (“Slovak Ore”) Mountains in the west. A major

Philip

2005-03-04T22:09:00.000-08:00

The youngest son of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, Philip was destined for the church. After being provost of the cathedral at Aachen, he was, in 1190 or 1191, elected bishop of Würzburg. Shortly after the death of his brother Frederick

Valdés, Juan De

2005-03-03T03:19:00.000-08:00

Juan studied under Spain's leading Humanists and developed religious views that closely followed the ideas of Erasmus of Rotterdam, with

Carnivore, Importance to humans

2005-03-01T01:19:00.000-08:00

If taken when young, the grizzly can be tamed quite easily and is not uncommon in circus acts. Unfortunately, man has come to picture the bear as being quite tame and harmless, with the result that the bear is viewed without the respect that this potentially dangerous creature deserves. The grizzly is the most dangerous of the bears to man, of the most interest economically

Iran, The growth of social discontent

2005-02-26T22:00:00.000-08:00

Petroleum revenues continued to fuel Iran's economy in the 1970s, and in 1973 Iran concluded a new 20-year oil agreement with the consortium of Western firms led by British Petroleum. This agreement gave direct control of Iranian oil fields to the government under the auspices of the NIOC and initiated a standard seller-buyer relationship between the NIOC and the oil companies.

Antandroy

2005-02-25T11:42:00.000-08:00

Also called Antampatrana, a Malagasy people living in southernmost Madagascar. Numbering about 500,000 in the late 20th century, the Antandroy (“People of the Thorn Bush”) speak one of the Malagasy languages, a group of closely related Western Austronesian languages; Antandroy chiefs claim Indian origins. The Antandroy maintained their independence from interior or western Malagasy kingdoms (e.g.,

Alabama, The antebellum period

2005-02-23T21:16:00.000-08:00

Alabama was established as a separate territory in 1817 and became a state in 1819. By 1820 Alabama's population was more than 125,000, including about 500 free blacks. By 1830 there were 300,000 residents, 38 percent of them slaves, and cotton was the principal money crop. Until the Civil War, domestic politics centred on the removal of the Indians, land policy, the banking system, and the question of slavery. The

Ascomycetes

2005-02-20T22:03:00.000-08:00

The sac fungi are separated into subgroups based on whether asci arise singly or are borne in one of several types of fruiting structures, or ascocarps, and

Broad Church

2005-02-18T18:52:00.000-08:00

Moderate movement that emerged as one of the three parties in the Church of England during the mid-19th century. The Broad Church represented “broad” views and eschewed narrow expressions of doctrine as practiced by Anglo-Catholics (or High Churchmen) on one hand and anti-Roman Evangelicals (or Low Churchmen) on the other. Broad Churchmen in the 19th century—including such

Earth, The ionospheric dynamo

2005-02-17T04:06:00.000-08:00

Above the Earth's surface, the next source of magnetic field is the ionospheric dynamo—an electric current system flowing in the planet's ionosphere. Beginning at about 50 kilometres and extending above 1,000 kilometres with a maximum at 400 kilometres, the ionosphere is formed primarily by the action of sunlight on atmospheric particles. There, sunlight strips electrons

France, History Of, Louis XIII

2005-02-14T08:34:00.000-08:00

Henry's reign was followed by the regency of his widow, Marie de Médicis, who ruled on behalf of their young son Louis XIII (1610–43). Once more the security of the country was threatened as factions disputed around the throne. The work of Henry IV seemed likely to be undone. Crown and country, however, were rescued by probably the greatest minister of the whole Bourbon dynasty—Armand-Jean

Biblical Literature, Letters

2005-02-10T08:05:00.000-08:00

Among the apocryphal letters are: a 2nd-century Epistula Apostolorum (“Epistle of the Apostles”; actually apocalyptic and antiheretical), the Letter of Barnabas, a lost Letter of Paul to the Alexandrians (said to have been forged by followers of Marcion), the late-2nd-century letter called “III Corinthians” (part of the Acts of Paul and composed largely out of the genuine letters

House

2005-02-08T03:20:00.000-08:00

Style of high-tempo, electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s and spread internationally. Born in Chicago clubs that catered to gay, predominantly black and Latino patrons, house fused the symphonic sweep and soul diva vocals of 1970s disco with the cold futurism of synthesizer-driven Eurodisco. Invented by deejay-producers such as Frankie Knuckles

Huysmans, Joris-karl

2005-02-07T13:12:00.000-08:00

The only son of a French mother and a Dutch father, Huysmans at 20 began a long career in the Ministry of the Interior, writing many of his novels on official time (and notepaper). His early work, influenced by contemporary

Rosidae, The order Proteales

2005-02-05T07:01:00.000-08:00

The Proteales consists of two families, Elaeagnaceae and Proteaceae, although this might not be a natural affiliation. The Proteaceae is composed of about 75 genera and more than 1,000 species distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially in South Africa and Australia. They are evergreen woody plants that thrive in nutrient-poor soils

Haley, Alex

2005-02-02T15:38:00.000-08:00

Although his parents were teachers, Haley was an indifferent student. He began writing to avoid boredom during voyages while serving in the U.S. Coast Guard (1939–59). His first major work, The Autobiography

Yogurt

2005-01-31T07:25:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Yoghurt, Yourt, or Yoghourt, semifluid fermented milk food having a smooth texture and mildly sour flavour because of its lactic acid content. Yogurt may be made from the milk of cows, sheep, goats, or water buffalo. Cow's milk is used in the United States and north-central Europe; sheep's and goat's milk are preferred in Turkey and southeastern Europe; milk from the water buffalo is most commonly used

Tibaldi, Pellegrino

2005-01-29T10:10:00.000-08:00

Tibaldi grew up in Bologna in a family of Lombard stonemasons. He was trained as a painter under minor Emilian artists who imitated the style of Raphael; in 1547, however, he went to Rome and worked with Perino del Vaga.

Seth

2005-01-28T20:16:00.000-08:00

The worship of Seth originally centred at Nubt (Greek Ombos), near modern Tukh, on the western bank of the Nile River. Nubt, with its vast cemetery at nearby Naqadah, was the principal predynastic centre in Upper Egypt. The town lost its preeminent position with the unification of Egypt about 3050 BC, which was carried

Lockwood, Belva Ann

2005-01-26T16:32:00.000-08:00

Belva Bennett attended country schools until she was 15 and then taught in them until her marriage in 1848 to Uriah H. McNall, who died in 1853. She then resumed teaching and continued her own education. She graduated from Genesee College

Biblical Literature, Malachi

2005-01-24T16:20:00.000-08:00

The Book of Malachi, the last of the Twelve (Minor) Prophets, was written by an anonymous writer called Malachi, or “my messenger.” Perhaps written from about 500–450 BCE, the book is concerned with spiritual degradation, religious perversions, social injustices, and unfaithfulness to the Covenant. Priests are condemned for failing to instruct the people on their Covenant responsibilities,

Moree

2005-01-22T01:30:00.000-08:00

Town, northern New South Wales, Australia, on the Gwydir River, in the Western Slopes district. Originating in 1848 as a livestock station, it became a village in 1852, a town in 1862, and a municipality in 1890. Its name comes from an Aboriginal word for “rising sun,” “long spring,” or “water hole.” At the junction of the Gwydir and Newell highways, with regular air and rail service to Sydney (319 mi [513 km] southeast),

Baldness

2005-01-20T13:22:00.000-08:00

Also called alopecia the lack or loss of hair. Two primary types of baldness can be distinguished: permanent hair loss arising from the destruction of hair follicles, and temporary hair loss arising from transitory damage to the follicles. The first category is dominated by male pattern baldness, which occurs to some degree in as much as 40 percent of some male populations. The hair loss

Cheke, Sir John

2005-01-18T09:47:00.000-08:00

Cheke also spelled Cheek English humanist and supporter of the Protestant Reformation who, as the poet John Milton said, “taught Cambridge and King Edward Greek” and who, with his friend Sir Thomas Smith, discovered the proper pronunciation of ancient Greek. Through his teaching he made the University of Cambridge the centre of the “new learning” and the Reformed religion.

Pend Oreille, Lake

2005-01-15T06:06:00.000-08:00

Lake in Kaniksu National Forest, northwestern Idaho, U.S. The largest lake in Idaho, it is about 40 miles (65 km) long and 4 miles (6.5 km) wide and covers an area of some 125 square miles (325 square km). It is about 2,500 feet (760 metres) deep and is noted for the highly prized Kamloops rainbow trout. The lake (the name of which is derived from the French name [Pend d'Oreille] for the Kalispel Indians, who wore ear

Performing Arts, Iberia.

2005-01-13T10:10:00.000-08:00

Spain's major international success was Pedro Almodóvar's Hable con ella (Talk to Her), an idiosyncratic reflection on solitude and communication. Spanish directors showed a new concern for social subjects, exemplified in Chus Gutiérrez's Poniente, about the exploitation of immigrant agricultural workers, and Fernando León de Aranoa's Los lunes al sol (Mondays

Nature Worship, Earth

2005-01-11T00:18:00.000-08:00

Although in polytheistic religions the earth is usually represented as a goddess and associated with the god of heaven as her spouse, only rarely is there an elaborate or intensive cult of earth worship. There are in many religions mother goddesses who have elaborate cults and who have assumed the function of fertility for land and man, but they hardly have a chthonic

China, From Wu-ti to Yüan-ti

2005-01-09T20:22:00.000-08:00

The third emperor of the Hsi Han to be singled out for special praise by traditional Chinese historians was Wu-ti (reigned 141/140–87/86 BC), whose reign was the longest of the whole Han period. His reputation as a vigorous and brave ruler derives from the long series of campaigns fought chiefly against the Hsiung-nu (northern nomads) and in Central Asia. But Wu-ti never took a personal

Jñanadeva

2005-01-07T02:43:00.000-08:00

Jñanadeva was a founder of the devotional school of mysticism known as Varakari (“Pilgrim”), so called because of the emphasis it places on pilgrimages to the shrine of Vitthala (or Vithoba, a local

Nordland

2005-01-06T11:10:00.000-08:00

Fylke (county), northern Norway, bordering the Norwegian Sea. Its many offshore islands include most of the Lofoten Islands and the Vesterålen archipelago. With an area of 14,798 square miles (38,327 square km), including the northern islands, Nordland extends for about 300 miles (500 km) along the coast; about two-thirds of the fylke is north of the Arctic Circle. The coastline is rugged and

Good Friday

2005-01-04T17:05:00.000-08:00

According to the Jewish calendar, Jesus died on 15 Nisan,

Catamarca

2004-12-31T03:10:00.000-08:00

The region constituted part of

Abbott, Bud; And Costello, Lou

2004-12-29T06:31:00.000-08:00

Abbott was born into a circus

Augeas

2004-12-27T02:43:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Augeias, or Augias, in Greek legend, king of the Epeians in Elis, a son of the sun-god Helios. He possessed an immense wealth of herds, and King Eurystheus imposed upon the Greek hero Heracles the task of clearing out all of Augeas' stables unaided in one day. Heracles did so by turning the Alpheus River through them. Although Augeas had promised Heracles a tenth of the herd, he later refused,

Jean Le Bel

2004-12-24T22:35:00.000-08:00

A soldier and the constant companion of Jean, Count de Beaumont, with whom he went to England and Scotland in 1327, Le Bel wrote his Vrayes Chroniques (“True Chronicles”), recounting the events of the reign of Edward III,

Radar, Electronically scanned phased-array radar

2004-12-23T09:28:00.000-08:00

An electronically scanned phased-array antenna can position its beam rapidly from one direction to another without mechanical movement of large antenna structures. Agile, rapid beam switching permits the radar to track many targets simultaneously and to perform other functions as required.

Racine, Jean

2004-12-21T18:13:00.000-08:00

Racine was born into a provincial family of minor administrators. His mother died 13 months after he was born, and his father died two years later. His paternal grandparents took him in, and when his grandmother, Marie des Moulins, became a widow, she brought Racine, then age nine, with her to the convent of Port-Royal des Champs near Paris. Since a group of devout scholars and

Zond

2004-12-19T17:11:00.000-08:00

Any of a series of eight unmanned Soviet lunar and interplanetary probes. Zond 1 (launched April 1964) and Zond 2 (November 1964) were aimed at Venus and Mars respectively, but failed to send back data on the planets. Zond 3 (July 1965) transmitted closeup photographs of 3,000,000 square miles (7,800,000 square kilometres) of the lunar surface, including the hidden side, before going into solar orbit. Zond 5 (September

Mercy D'argenteau, Florimund, Graf (count)

2004-12-16T00:12:00.000-08:00

Entering the diplomatic service in 1751, Mercy served at the Sardinian court, as ambassador to Russia, and, from 1766, as ambassador in Paris. An adviser

Cymbal

2004-12-14T20:36:00.000-08:00

Percussion instrument consisting of a circular flat or concave metal plate that is struck with a drumstick or is used in pairs struck glancingly together. They were used, often ritually, in Assyria, Israel (from c. 1100 BC), Egypt, and other ancient civilizations and reached East Asia in medieval times and Europe before

Ayckbourn, Alan

2004-12-13T23:15:00.000-08:00

Successful and prolific British playwright, whose works—mostly farces and comedies—deal with marital and class conflicts and point up the fears and weaknesses of the English lower-middle class. He wrote more than 50 plays and other entertainments, most of which were first staged at the Stephen Joseph Theatre-in-the-Round in Scarborough,

Wu Ching-tzu

2004-12-10T13:30:00.000-08:00

Wu Ching-tzu was a member of a scholarly and well-to-do family. He succeeded neither academically nor financially, however, and he was unable or unwilling to pass the higher official examinations. He mismanaged his inheritance

Assault Rifle

2004-12-09T20:09:00.000-08:00

Military firearm that is chambered for ammunition of reduced size or propellant charge and that has the capacity to switch between semiautomatic and fully automatic fire. Because they are light and portable yet still able to deliver a high volume of fire with reasonable accuracy at modern combat ranges of 300–500 m (1,000–1,600 feet), assault rifles have replaced the high-powered

Gully, John

2004-12-07T13:36:00.000-08:00

In 1805, having failed as a butcher, Gully was in prison for his debts when he was visited by his Bristol pugilist friend Henry Pearce, “the Game Chicken.” As the result of an informal bout between them in jail, Gully's

Rembrandt

2004-12-05T21:39:00.000-08:00

Another cluster of talented pupils worked with Rembrandt around 1640: Gerbrand van den Eeckhout (1621–74) from Amsterdam; Carel Fabritius (1622–54), later a leading painter in Delft; and Samuel van Hoogstraten (1627–78) of Dordrecht, later better known for his art theory, Inleyding tot de hooge schoole der schilderkonst (1678; “Introduction to the High School of Painting”). Each of these made his own variation

Bear

2004-12-03T14:39:00.000-08:00

Large carnivore of the family Ursidae, closely related to the dog (family Canidae) and raccoon (Procyonidae). The bear is the most recently evolved of carnivores. Its ancestral line appears to have diverged from canid stock during the Miocene and to have developed, through such forms as the Pliocene Hyaenarctos (of Europe, Asia, and North America), into modern types such

Abstract Poem

2004-12-01T21:28:00.000-08:00

A term coined by Edith Sitwell to describe a poem in which the words are chosen for their aural quality rather than specifically for their sense or meaning. An example from “Popular Song” in Sitwell's Façade (1923) follows: The red retriever-haired satyrCan whine and tease her and flatter,But Lily O'Grady,Silly and shady,In the deep shade is a lazy lady;Now Pompey's dead, Homer's

Quahog

2004-11-28T11:25:00.000-08:00

Edible species of clam (q.v.).

Fairfax (of Cameron), Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Baron

2004-11-27T13:22:00.000-08:00

The son of Ferdinando, 2nd Baron Fairfax of Cameron, he

Papua New Guinea, Flag Of

2004-11-25T21:39:00.000-08:00

In the 20th century the two territories finally linked in Papua New Guinea were administered by the Germans, British, and Australians. The colonial governments had no official symbols of local relevance, although a proposed coat of arms for German New Guinea—never adopted because of Germany's involvement in World War I—featured a bird-of-paradise. In 1962 a local flag also

Aesthetics

2004-11-23T16:07:00.000-08:00

Also spelled esthetics, the philosophical study of beauty and taste. To define its subject matter more precisely is, however, immensely difficult. Indeed, it could be said that self-definition has been the major task of modern aesthetics. We are acquainted with an interesting and puzzling realm of experience: the realm of the beautiful, the ugly, the sublime, and the elegant; of taste, criticism,

Bilbays

2004-11-21T14:06:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Bilbeis, or Bilbis, town, southwestern ash-Sharqiyah muhafazah (governorate) in the eastern Nile River delta, Lower Egypt. Bilbays lies northeast of Cairo, on the main road from Ismailia and Port Said and on the al-Isma'iliyah Canal. Its name is an Arabic corruption of the Coptic Phelbes. Situated on a caravan and natural invasion route from the east, Bilbays was conquered in AD 640 by the Arabs, who in 727 resettled

Theodebert I

2004-11-18T22:27:00.000-08:00

A proven soldier before he came to the throne, Theodebert exploited the war in Italy between Byzantium and the Ostrogoths to gain extensive territory in the Alpine regions and the northeast of the peninsula, though most of this was lost

Raynal, Guillaume-thomas, Abbé De

2004-11-16T09:30:00.000-08:00

Raynal was educated by the Jesuits and as a young man joined the order, but after going to Paris to work for the church he gave up religious life in favour of writing. He established himself as a writer with two historical works, one

France, History Of, The Roman conquest

2004-11-15T03:06:00.000-08:00

In the 2nd century BC Rome intervened on the side of Massilia in its struggle against the tribes of the hinterland, its main aim being the protection of the route from Italy to its new possessions in Spain. The result was the formation, in 121 BC, of “The Province” (Provincia, whence Provence), an area spanning from the Mediterranean to Lake Geneva, with its capital at Narbo (Narbonne).

Facsimile

2004-11-13T23:37:00.000-08:00

Most office and home fax machines conform to the Group 3 standard, which was adopted in 1980 in order to ensure the compatibility of digital machines operating through public telephone systems worldwide. As a standard letter-size sheet is fed through a machine, it is scanned repeatedly across its width by a strip of 1,728 photosensors. Each photosensor in turn generates a low

Arreola, Juan José

2004-11-08T02:11:00.000-08:00

Mexican short-fiction writer and humorist who was a master of brief subgenres, such as the short story, the epigram, and the sketch. He published only one novel, La feria (1963; The Fair). His collection of stories Confabulario (1952) has been reprinted in several expanded editions and was translated into English as Confabulario

Coherence

2004-11-06T08:27:00.000-08:00

A fixed relationship between the phase of waves in a beam of radiation of a single frequency. Two beams of light are coherent when the phase difference between their waves is constant; they are noncoherent if there is a random or changing phase relationship. Stable interference patterns are formed only by radiation emitted by coherent sources, ordinarily produced

Ibn 'abbad

2004-11-05T00:58:00.000-08:00

Attracted to Morocco by the famous madrasahs (religious colleges), Ibn 'Abbad emigrated there at an early age. He abandoned legal studies in a quest for mystical knowledge. In 1359 he

Bridgnorth

2004-11-02T20:37:00.000-08:00

The town of Bridgnorth lies mainly on a high red sandstone rock along the River Severn and has been a bridging point since Saxon times. Aethelflaed, lady of Mercia, rebuilt

West Falkland

2004-10-29T06:08:00.000-07:00

One of the two major islands of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is 80 miles (130 km) long and 45 miles (70 km) wide and rises to Mount Adam (2,297 feet [700 metres]). The total area is 1,750 square miles (4,532 square km), excluding adjacent small islands, and the coastline is deeply indented. Pop. (1996) 174.

Paulownia Sun, Order Of The

2004-10-28T07:11:00.000-07:00

The badge, suspended from a green

Illinois Institute Of Technology

2004-10-26T09:43:00.000-07:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Chicago, Ill., U.S. It comprises the Armour College of Engineering and Science, the Lewis College of Liberal Arts, the Institute of Design, the Stuart School of Business, the Chicago-Kent College of Law, the Graduate School, and the College of Architecture. In addition to undergraduate studies, the institute offers

Junayd

2004-10-23T04:06:00.000-07:00

Very little is known about Junayd's life. He was a pupil of the painter Shams ad-Din, and from 1382 to 1410 he worked in the service of Sultan Ahmad of the Mongol Jalayirid dynasty

Islamic World, The second fitnah

2004-10-22T21:09:00.000-07:00

The second fitnah followed Mu'awiyah's caliphate (661–680), which itself was not free from strife, and coincided with the caliphates of Mu'awiyah's son Yazid I (ruled 680–683), whom he designated as successor, and Yazid's three successors. This fitnah was a second-generation reprise of the first; some of the personnel of the former were descendants or relatives of the leaders of the latter. Once

Sore Mouth

2004-10-20T07:14:00.000-07:00

Also called doby mouth, pustular dermatitis , or contagious ecthyma (CE) viral disease of sheep and goats. Blisters, pustules, ulcers, and scabs form on the lips especially but also on the face and ears. In severe cases sores form inside the mouth. Infections occur in the spring and summer and heal in about a month. Humans who work around the sheep sometimes become infected.

Guadalupe

2004-10-17T15:10:00.000-07:00

County, central New Mexico, U.S., an arid plains area dotted with hills and red mesas and marked by a few arroyos. The county lies mostly in the Pecos River valley, rising in the east to a High Plains region. The Pecos makes an irregular curve through the county from northwest to south, exiting at Sumner Lake. Santa Rosa Lake is an impoundment on the Pecos at Los Esteros Dam. Santa

Omaha

2004-10-16T00:19:00.000-07:00

City, Nebraska, U.S., the port of entry and seat of Douglas county. Omaha is situated in the eastern part of the state and on the west bank of the Missouri River, opposite Council Bluffs, Iowa. It was founded in 1854 in an area that had been visited by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (1804) on their exploratory journey to the Pacific coast and where the pioneer fur trader Manuel Lisa

Khoisan Languages, Phonology

2004-10-13T06:31:00.000-07:00

Most characteristic of the Khoisan languages are the click sounds, which form a subsystem of the consonants. Clicks are produced by simultaneous closure of the tongue with two areas in the mouth, one at the soft palate (the velum), and the other at such prevelar locations as the teeth, alveolar ridge, or palate. After the closures are made, the body of the tongue is moved

Hendricks, Thomas A(ndrews)

2004-10-11T13:07:00.000-07:00

From 1863 until his death Hendricks was prominent in national Democratic politics. He was the vice-presidential running mate of Samuel J. Tilden in the disputed election of 1876, losing by the decision of a special Electoral Commission. In 1880 he expressed interest in becoming a presidential nominee but was unsuccessful. Nominated as vice president again in 1884, he was finally elected with Cleveland but died less than nine months after his inauguration.

Police Power

2004-10-11T02:52:00.000-07:00

In U.S. constitutional law, the permissible scope of federal or state legislation so far as it may affect the rights of an individual when those rights conflict with the promotion and maintenance of the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the public. When the U.S. Supreme Court has considered such cases, it has tended to use a doctrine called “balance of interests,

Detaille, édouard

2004-10-09T14:57:00.000-07:00

Detaille studied with Ernest Meissonier and employed a technique of literal exactitude based on that of his teacher. Detaille developed a wide knowledge of military detail, which made his work an important source for the study of late-19th-century

Liggett Group Inc.

2004-10-09T11:52:00.000-07:00

In 1849 J.E. Liggett and Brother was established in St. Louis, Mo., by John Edmund Liggett (1826–97) as an outgrowth of a family concern dating to 1822. George S. Myers entered the business in 1873, and in 1878 the company was incorporated as Liggett & Myers Company. By 1885 it was the

Kufah

2004-10-07T05:24:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Kufa, medieval city of Iraq that was a centre of Arab culture and learning from the 8th to the 10th century. It was founded in 638 as a garrison town by 'Umar I, the second caliph. The city lay on the Hindiyah branch of the Euphrates River, about 7 miles (11 km) northeast of an-Najaf. It was populated largely by South Arabians and Iranians and served as the seat of the governor of Iraq, sometimes

Daddy Longlegs

2004-10-07T02:23:00.000-07:00

Also called Harvestman, any of the 3,400 species of the arachnid order Opiliones (sometimes named Phalangida). A daddy longlegs differs from all true spiders (order Araneae) by the extreme length and thinness of its legs and by the small size and spherical or oval shape of its body, which is not divided into two regions by a constriction. The body is 1 to 22 mm (0.04 to 0.9 inch) long; the slender legs, which easily break

Marechal, Leopoldo

2004-10-06T08:14:00.000-07:00

In the early 1920s, Marechal was part of the literary group responsible for Martín Fierro and Proa, Ultraista journals that revolutionized Argentine letters. His first book of poems, Aguiluchos (1922; “Eaglets”), employed Modernista techniques in the treatment

Muhammad I Askia

2004-10-04T23:10:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Mohammed I Askiya, also called Askia Muhammad, or Muhammad Ture, original name Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr Ture, Ture also spelled Towri, or Turée West African statesman and military leader who usurped the throne of the Songhai Empire (1493) and, in a series of conquests, greatly expanded the empire and strengthened it. He was overthrown by his son, Askia Musa, in 1528.

Amoco Corporation

2004-10-03T23:51:00.000-07:00

Formerly (1889–1985) Standard Oil Company (Indiana), American petroleum corporation that was founded in 1889 by the Standard Oil trust (see Standard Oil Company and Trust) to direct the refining and marketing of oil in the Midwestern states. The company's first refinery, outside Whiting, Ind., produced fuel oil, kerosene, and other petroleum products. Beginning in the late 1890s, the company's production of gasoline rapidly increased

Teesdale

2004-10-02T18:22:00.000-07:00

District, administrative county of Durham, northeastern England, in the southwestern part of the county. The district lies on both sides of the River Tees. The area north of the river belongs to the historic county of Durham, and the area to the south lies in the historic county of Yorkshire. Teesdale is mostly an upland area within the northern Pennines. Its bleak basalt

Price, Sterling

2004-10-02T06:06:00.000-07:00

After attending Hampden-Sydney College (1826–27), Price studied law. In 1831 he moved with his family from Virginia to Missouri, where he entered public life. He served in the state legislature from 1836 to 1838 and again from 1840 to 1844, the latter period as speaker of the

Amber Valley

2004-09-30T22:17:00.000-07:00

District, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England, to the north of Derby. It takes its name from the River Amber, which joins the Derwent at Ambergate. The industrial eastern half of the district contrasts with the still rural western portion. Traditionally coal mining and ironworking were the staple industries, but from the late 1950s industrial diversification

Argentina

2004-09-30T05:45:00.000-07:00

Argentina's economy, which is one of the more powerful in the region, has been dominated by manufacturing and agriculture since the 19th century, but its service sector has grown increasingly important. Argentina produces more grain and raises more cattle than any nation in Latin America except Brazil, and its receipts from tourism are second in the region only to

Agnes Of Poitou

2004-09-29T10:32:00.000-07:00

Agnes was a daughter of William V the Great, duke of Aquitaine, and was a descendant of the kings of Burgundy and Italy. She married Henry III on Nov. 1, 1043, forming an alliance designed to cement the empire's relations with its neighbouring states

Maccarthy, Sir Desmond

2004-09-27T03:17:00.000-07:00

MacCarthy was associated with the Bloomsbury group. He began his career as a freelance journalist, quickly moving to editorial work

Dacia

2004-09-26T15:26:00.000-07:00

In antiquity, the area of the Carpathian Mountains and Transylvania, in present north-central and western Romania. The Dacian people had earlier occupied lands south of the Danube and north of the mountains, and the Roman province eventually included wider territories both to the north and east. The Dacians were agricultural and also worked their rich mines of

Biblical Literature, IV Maccabees

2004-09-24T16:34:00.000-07:00

Another Jewish Hellenistic work combining history and philosophy is The Fourth Book of Maccabees. The theme of the book, reflecting the views of the Greek Stoics, is “whether the Inspired Reason is supreme ruler over the passions.” This thesis is demonstrated by the martyrdom of the elderly scribe Eleazar and the unnamed seven brothers and their mother, taken from

Arzner, Dorothy

2004-09-22T01:51:00.000-07:00

Arzner was reared in Los Angeles, where her family owned a Hollywood

Azide

2004-09-21T22:02:00.000-07:00

Any of a class of chemical compounds containing three nitrogen atoms as a group, represented as (-N3). Azides are considered as derived from hydrazoic acid (HN3), an inorganic salt such as sodium azide (NaN3), or an organic derivative in which the hydrogen atom of hydrazoic acid is replaced by a hydrocarbon group as in alkyl or aryl azide (RN3), or by an acyl (carboxylic acid) group

Divination, Inductive divination

2004-09-21T05:22:00.000-07:00

To speculate that inductive divination from natural phenomena must be very old—i.e., that it arose from an early intimate acquaintance with nature—is tempting but inaccurate. In fact, there is little evidence that preliterate peoples viewed nature as a system, and this is particularly true in respect to astral observation. Divination from the skies is concerned

Ka'bah

2004-09-19T15:41:00.000-07:00

The cube-shaped

Meléndez Valdés, Juan

2004-09-19T03:52:00.000-07:00

After studying law and classics at Salamanca, Meléndez Valdés was appointed

Atlantic Charter

2004-09-18T13:51:00.000-07:00

A propaganda manifesto of common aims, the charter stated that (1) neither nation sought any aggrandizement; (2) they desired

Alajuela

2004-09-16T20:34:00.000-07:00

City, northwestern Costa Rica. It lies on the central plateau at an altitude of 3,141 feet (957 metres). Known in colonial days as La Lajuela and Villahermosa, the town was active in support of independence from Spain in 1821; five years later it suffered from a plot to restore Spanish control over Costa Rica. For a brief period in the 1830s Alajuela served as the nation's capital. It was the